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The Nitrate removal filter contains special nitrate selective anion resin with a triethyl amine functional group to remove over 95% of the nitrates present in water. Resin can be regenerated with brine just like typical water softeners. Includes separate brine tank for automated regeneration cycle.
What is nitrate?
Nitrates and nitrites are nitrogen-oxygen chemical units which combine with various organic and inorganic compounds. Nitrates in concentrations above 10 ppm expressed as N* (this can be expressed as 35.7 ppm as calcium carbonate or 44.3 ppm as nitrate) are considered unsafe. Nitrates have no detectable color, taste or smell at the concentrations involved in drinking water supplies, and they do not cause discoloration of plumbing fixtures, so they remain undetectable to our senses.
Uses for nitrate.
The greatest use of nitrates is as a fertilizer. Once taken into the body, nitrates are converted to nitrites.
What are nitrate’s health effects?
High nitrate levels in water can cause methemoglobinemia or blue baby syndrome, a condition found especially in infants under six months. The stomach acid of an infant is not as strong as in older children and adults. This causes an increase in bacteria that can readily convert nitrate to nitrite (NO2).
Nitrite is absorbed in the blood, and hemoglobin (the oxygen-carrying component of blood) is converted to methemoglobin. Methemoglobin does not carry oxygen efficiently. This results in a reduced oxygen supply to vital tissues such as the brain. Methemoglobin in infant blood cannot change back to hemoglobin, which normally occurs in adults. Severe methemoglobinemia can result in brain damage and death.
Pregnant women, adults with reduced stomach acidity, and people deficient in the enzyme that changes methemoglobin back to normal hemoglobin are all susceptible to nitrite-induced methemoglobinemia. The most obvious symptom of methemoglobinemia is a bluish color of the skin, particularly around the eyes and mouth. Other symptoms include headache, dizziness, weakness or difficulty in breathing.
Treatment options for nitrate in potable water supply:
Selective resins.
The term “nitrate selective” refers to resins that retain nitrates more strongly than any other ions including sulphates. A variety of functional groups can and have been placed into anion exchange resins that are nitrate selective. Most of these resins are similar to the Type 1 resins, but they have larger chemical groups on the nitrogen atom of the amine than the methyl groups that comprise a Type 1 resin. The larger size of the amine groups makes it more difficult for divalent ions such as sulphates to attach themselves to the resin. This reorders the affinity relationships so that nitrate has a higher affinity for the resin than sulphates even at drinking water concentrations. The affinity relationship for nitrate selective resins in drinking water is Nitrate > Sulphate > Chloride > Bicarbonate
The Nitrate filters are equipped with automated backwash filters, either Fleck or Clack depending on the model. The purpose of the automated bachwash and rinse cycle is not to regenerate, but only reclassify the media bed.
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